Xylitol Poisoning
Overview
Xylitol is a common sugar substitute that has gained popularity due to the adverse effects of sugar on weight gain, diabetes, and dental decay. It provides sweetness without the calories and may offer other potential benefits.
However, xylitol is extremely toxic to dogs.
Xylitol poisoning can lead to:
1. Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)
2. Liver disease (hepatic necrosis)
Low Blood Sugar
Signs of low blood sugar can manifest within 30 minutes to 12 hours after ingestion and may persist for over 12 hours.
Signs include:
- Vomiting
- Incoordination
- Collapse
- Seizures
Liver Disease
Signs of liver disease may occur within 8-12 hours of ingestion. It is important to note that dogs with liver disease may not exhibit low blood sugar symptoms initially.
Signs include:
- Loss of appetite
- Vomiting
- Lethargy
- Internal bleeding
- Blood clotting issues
Causes
The estimated toxic dose of xylitol is 0.075-0.1g/kg (0.03-0.045g/pound).
| Dog's Weight (kgs) | Toxic Dose |
| 5 | 0.5g |
| 10 | 1.0g |
| 15 | 1.5g |
| 20 | 2.0g |
| 25 | 2.5g |
Various candies and chewing gums contain differing amounts of xylitol. For instance, while Orbit gum may contain 0.009g of xylitol, the strawberry mint flavour can have as much as 0.3g per piece.
Always bring the packaging to your veterinarian if you are unsure about the xylitol content.
Dog Mouthwash Products
It is crucial to note that some dog mouthwashes or oral care products may contain xylitol. These products typically have very low doses and can provide oral health benefits. Always adhere to the label instructions to avoid complications. Poisoning is more likely to occur if a smaller dog consumes a larger dog's dose, if a dog ingests significantly more than recommended, or if a dog chews the bottle and consumes the liquid.
Other Products
Xylitol can also be found in:
- Human medications
- Dietary supplements
- Vitamins
- Nasal sprays
- Mints
Management
If ingestion is detected early (within 30 minutes), your veterinarian may induce vomiting to expel the gum or candy.
If treatment is initiated later, it typically involves fluid therapy with glucose for 24 hours, along with monitoring of liver enzyme levels and blood clotting tests for 2-3 days thereafter.
Prognosis
Pets that present with high blood phosphorus levels or severe liver damage have a poor prognosis and may not survive.
When to See the Vet
If you suspect your dog has ingested xylitol, it is crucial to seek veterinary attention immediately, even if your dog is not showing any symptoms. Early intervention is key to improving the outcome.
Home Care
After treatment, monitor your dog closely for any signs of distress or unusual behaviour. Ensure they have access to fresh water and a quiet space to rest. Follow any specific instructions provided by your veterinarian regarding medication administration and follow-up appointments.